برهان جهان‌شناختی کلامی در مغرب ‌زمین

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

چکیده

برهان جهان‌شناختی کلامی یکی از دلایل کلامی وجود خدا است که از گذشته دور در کلام اسلامی مطرح بوده و اخیراً در سنت فلسفی- کلامی مغرب زمین نیز شناخته شده و به نام برهان کلامی شهرت یافته است. در این نوشتار با بررسی دیدگاه‌های مربوط به پیدایش جهان به‌ویژه نظریه مه‌بانگ به تحلیل دلیل کلامی بر وجود خدا با توجه به آرای فیزیکدان‌ها، نقدهای رایج در مغرب‌زمین، اصل علیت که یکی از مقدمات این برهان است و رابطة آن با فیزیک کوانتوم، امتناع نامتناهی بالفعل و رابطة آن با عدم تناهی جهان و نیز برایندهای جهان‌شناختی مه‌بانگ می‌پردازیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها


- تفتازانی، سعدالدین؛ شرح‌المقاصد، تحقیق عبدالرحمن عمیره، قم: منشورات الشریف الرضی، 1989 م.
- جرجانی، علی‌بن‌محمد؛ شرح ‌المواقف، قم: منشورات الشریف الرضی، 1907 م.
- حسینی شاهرودی، سید مرتضی؛ «بررسی تطبیقی هستی‌شناسی از دیدگاه کانت و سهروردی»، مطالعات اسلامی، ش53-54
- غزالی، محمد؛ الاقتصاد فی الاعتقاد، بیروت: دارالامانه، 1969 م.
- Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Contra Gentiles in the Great Books of the Western World Series, Edited by Robert Maynard Hutchins, Chicago, Ill.
- Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theoligica in the Great Books of the Western World Series, Edited by Robert Maynard Hutchins, Chicago, Ill.
- Aristotle, Metaphysics (XII,). The Works of Aristotle, W. D. Ross (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930)
-  ________, Physics (VIII, 4-6) The Works of Aristotle, ed. by W. D. Ross (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930)
- Armstrong, D. M.  What Is A Law of Nature? (Cambridge: University Press: 1983)
-  _____________ , The Necessity of Nature, in Midwest Studies in
- Attfield, Robin, The God of Religion and the God of Philosophy, Religious Studies 9: 1975
- Australasian Journal of Philosophy 68, 'A Natural Explanation of the Existence and Laws of Our Universe,' (March 1990)
- Barrow and Tipler, on the Anthropic Principle vs. Divine Design, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 39 (1988)
-  _____________ , The Caused Beginning of the Universe: A Response to Quentin Smith, mimeograph (1989).
- British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 41, What Place, Then, for a Creator?, (1990)
- Broad, C. D. Kant's Mathematical Antinomies, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 40 (1955).
- Coppock, Paul,  Review of Nathan Salmon's Reference and Essence, in The Journal of Philosophy, 1984.
- Craig, William and Quentin Smith. Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Craig, William Lane, The Craig Washington Debate: Does God Exist? URL:http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/washdeba-craig1.html, 1995.
-  _______________ , The Existence of God and the Beginning of the Universe. Truth Journal, v.3
-  ____________ , God, Creation and Mr. Davies, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (1986)
-  ____________ , 1996. The Indispensability of Theological Meta-ethical Foundations for Morality.
-  ____________ , The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Library of Philosophy and Religion (London: Macmillan, 1979)
- David Papineau, Probabilities and Causes, The Journal of Philosophy 82 (1985).
- Davies, Paul, Superforce, New York: Simon and Schuster. 1984
-  _________ , The Mind of God, New York: Simon and Schuster. 1992.
- Hoyle, Fred, Astrophysical Journal 196 (1975)
- French, P. Philosophy XI, ed. et al. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986)
- Glanz, James, Cosmic Motion Revealed, Science 282. 1998
- Grünbaum, Adolf, Some Comments on William Craig's ‘Creation and Big Bang Cosmology’, Philosophia Naturalis, 31/2, 1994
- Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, New York: Bantam Books. 1988
- Keith Chrzan, The Irrelevance of the No Best Possible World Defence, Philosophia 17 (1987)
- Keith Donnellan, Substance and Individuals, APA address, 1973.
- Kenny, Anthony, The Five Ways: St. Thomas Aquinas' Proofs of God's Existence (New York: Schocken Books, 1969)
- Leslie, John, Anthropic Principle, World Ensemble, Design, American Philosophical Quarterly 19 (1982)
- McMullin, E. Modern Cosmology and the Creation of Life, (ed.), Evolution and Creation (South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1985).
- Morrison, W. Is God in Time Prior to Creation, http://stripe. colorado.edu/~morrison/kalam2.html
- Musser, George, 2004, Four Keys to Cosmology, Scientific American, February
- Nathan Salmon, Reference and Essence, Princeton, University Press, 1981.
- Newton-Smith, W. H.  The Structure of Time, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.
- Otte, Richard, Indeterminism, Counterfactuals, and Causation,' Philosophy of Science 54 (1987).
- Patrick Suppes, A Probabilistic Theory of Causality, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1970.
- Putnam, Hilary, Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2 (Cambridge: University Press, 1975)
- Quentin Smith, An Analysis of Holiness, Religious Studies 24 (1988).
-  _________ , The Anthropic Principle and Many-Worlds Cosmologies, The Australasian Journal o singularity f Philosophy 63 (1985).
- Quentin Smith, The Felt Meanings of the World: A Metaphysics of Feeling (West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1986).
-  ____________ , The Uncaused Beginning of the Universe,' Philosophy of Science 55 (1988).
-  ____________ , 'World Ensemble Explanations', Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 67 (1986).
- Schlesinger, George, Religion and Scientific Method (Boston: D. Reidel, 1977).
- Scorzo, Greg,  A Discussion of the Kalam Argument, www.hnfidels.org/library/modern/greg. 1999. 
- Silk, Joseph, The Big Bang, San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. 2001
- Sincell, Marc, 2001, Farthest Supernova Yet Bolsters Dark Energy, Science 292
- Smoot, George, and Keay Davidson. Wrinkles in Time. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1993, p. 36
- Swinburne, Richard, Space and Time, 2nd. ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982).
- Swinburne, Richard, The Existence of God, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979 the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 8 (1952)
CAPTCHA Image