Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant professor, Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Theology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Theology, Faculty of Humanities & Physical Education, Gonbad Kavous University, Golestan, Iran
Abstract
"Man is inherently perfection-seeking, and one of the fundamental presuppositions in mystical anthropology is the desire for perfection, the explanation of its truth, and how the seeker may attain it. The concept of the Perfect Human (Insān-e Kāmil) is one of the most important keywords in Islamic mysticism for explaining human perfection. In order to reach perfection, man needs to understand the Perfect Human as the ideal and fully realized model of his own kind. In mystical and philosophical schools concerned with understanding the nature of man, various characteristics have been attributed to the Perfect Human to reveal his essence through these attributes.
This study aims to explore the perspective of Transcendent Theosophy (Ḥikmat al-Mutaʿāliyah)—which considers itself a demonstrative mysticism—by examining library sources and employing methods of textual interpretation, philosophical reasoning, and analysis. In this exploration, we make use of the concept of 'justice' to represent and redefine the essence and attributes of the Perfect Human by analyzing the various dimensions of justice in his being. Justice is a broad, well-known, and comprehensive concept, and in the thought of Transcendent Theosophy, it is viewed as a gradational reality with multiple levels and types.
In this research, aspects of justice such as natural justice, ethical and jurisprudential justice, manifest justice, and intuitive (witnessed) justice are identified in the views of Ṣadrāean philosophy, which can contribute to a more precise understanding and redefinition of the truth of the Perfect Human."
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