Evaluating the Similarity of Mullā Sadrā's and Hume's Views on the Perception of Universals in the Context of Mesbah Yazdi's Analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Vahid Davari chahardeh ¹
• Mansour Imanpour ²
• sohrab haghighat ³

¹ Daneshgah shahid mafani azarbaijan

² Associate professor, Islamic Philosophy, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

³ Daneshgah shahid madani azar baijan

10.22067/epk.2024.89015.1353

Abstract

Intellectual perception is one of the most prominent philosophical issues and an arena of conflicting opinions among philosophers. Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi favors Aristotle's view in this regard and holds that it is the most valid position. He considers Mullā Sadrā's view (observing an immaterial being from a distance) as reminiscent of Hume's view (vagueness in sensory perception) and, with the same method and analysis, he argues that both views are questionable. Misbah Yazdi tries to refute Hume's view by presenting criticisms such as the way of abstracting absurd concepts and philosophical secondary intelligibles, and considers Mullā Sadrā's view to be the same as Hume's and completely negates both. He argues that concepts that fail to have an idea in the intellectual world indicate the invalidity of Mullā Sadrā's view, and since these concepts do not exist outside so that their vague individual can result in intellectual perception, Hume's view is also baseless. Therefore, with analyses based on the method of comparing the two perspectives, contradiction analysis (scrutinizing the contradictions of Misbah Yazdi's view in his various works on Mullā Sadrā's position on the perception of universals) and analysis of the word vagueness (in the sense that it is compared lexically in their views), as well as with analysis of the argument of the claim, Misbah Yazdi's argument in this case is evaluated and, by denying the similarity of Mullā Sadrā's and Hume' s views on the perception of universals, this article presents another explanation for comparing the perspectives of the two philosophers.

Keywords

• Mesbah Yazdi
• Mullā Sadrā
• Hume
• universals
• vagueness
• commonality
• critique of similarity

Main Subjects

• Islamic Philosophy and Kalam

---

References

1. 29. Hume, D., (1975), "Enquiries Concerning Humen Understanding and Concerning

thePrinciples of Morals", Oxford, Clarendon Press.   

30. 30. Hume, D., (1978), "Atreatise of human nature", Oxford, New York, Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press.
31. 31. Coventry, A. M.,( 2007), "Hume A Guide for the Perplexed", London, New York,

Continuum.

32. 32. Garrett, D., (2011), "Hume's Theory of Ideas" in E. S. rad Cliffe(Ed), Acompanion to Hume, pp.41-57, Wiley-Blackwell, Hong Kong.

 

Transliterated  Bibliography

ʿAllāmah Ḥillī, Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf. Kashf al-Murād fī Sharḥ Tajrīd al-Iʿtiqād. Ed. ʿAllāmah Ḥasan Ḥasanzādih Āmulī. Chāp-i  Yāzdahum, Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. 2006/1427.

Berkeley, George. Uṣūl ʿIlm Insānī. Translated by  Manūchihr Buzurgmihr, Tehran: Intishārāt-i University of Tehran, 2014/1392.

Copleston, Frederick. Tārīkh Falsafah. vol. 5, Translated by Amīr Jalāl al-Dīn Aʿlam,  Chāp Haftum, Tehran: Intishārāt-i ʿIlmī va Farhangī, 2010/1388.

Fanāʾī, Ishkavarī. Muḥammad. Maʿqūl Thānī Taḥlīlī az Anvāʿ Mafāhīm Kulī  dar Falsafah Islāmī va Gharbī. 2020/1398.

Furūghī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Siyr Ḥikmat  dar Urūpā. Chāp-i  Nuhum, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Zawwār, 2012/1390.

Ḥakāk, Sayyid Muḥammad. “Naqd Naẓarīyah-yi Hume dar Bāb Manshaʾ Taṣavurāt az Dīdgāh Ḥikmat Mutaʿāliyah”. Khiradnāmah-yi Ṣadrā, no. 16, Summer 2000/1378, 56-65.

Hume, David. Kāvushī dar Khuṣūṣ Fahm Basharī. Translated by  Kāvih Lājivardī, Chāp-i Duwum, Tehran: Nashr Markaz, s.d.

Ibn Sīnā, Ḥusayn ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Burhān Shifā.  Taṣdīr wa Murājiʻah Ibrāḥīm Madkūr, researched by  Abū al-ʻAlāʾ ʻAfīfī, al-Ṭabaʻa al-Amīrīyah bi-al-Qāhirih, 1956/1375.

Imānpūr, Maṣūr. “Masʾ alah-yi Taṭābuq Zihn va ʻIyn dar Falsafah-yi Mashāʾ va Ḥikmat Mutaʿāliyah”, Majallih Dānishkadih-yi Adabīyāt va ʻUlūm Insānī, University of Tabriz, no. 186, 2004/1382, 23-49.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Raḥīq Makhtūm. vol. 2, Bakhsh1, Qum: Asrāʾ, 1998/1376.

Locke, John. Justārī dar Fahm Basharī. Translated by  Riḍāzādih Shafaq, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Shafīʿī, 2002/1380.

Malikīyān, Muṣṭafā. Tārīkh Falsafah. Tehran: Pazhūhishgāh Ḥawzah va Dānishgāh, 2000/1378.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī.  Sharḥ Jild-i  Awwal al-Asfār al-Arbaʻa. Chāp-i Awwal, Qum: Intishārāt-i Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī, 2017/1395.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī.  Taʿlīqah ʻālā  Nihāya al-Ḥikma. Chāp-i Awwal,   Qum: Intishārāt-i Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī,  2015/1393.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī. Āmūzish Falsafah. vol. 1, Chāp-i  Nuhum, Qum: Intishārāt-i Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī, 2010/1388.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī. Sharḥ Jild-i Duwum. Chāp-i Awwal,   Qum: Intishārāt-i Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī, 2017/1395.

Mulāṣadrā Shīrāzī, Muḥammad. al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʻālīya fī al-Asfār al-ʻAqlīya al-Arbaʻa. Qum: Maktaba al-Muṣṭafavī, 1990/1368.

Mulāṣadrā Shīrāzī, Muḥammad. al-Masāʾl al-Qudsīyah. Chāp-i Chāhārum, Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Bustān-i Kitāb, 2010/1388.

Mulāṣadrā Shīrāzī, Muḥammad. al-Shawāhid al-Rubūbīyah fī Manāhij al-Sulūkīyah. Chāp-i Haftum. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Bustān-i Kitāb, 2014/1392.

Mulāṣadrā Shīrāzī, Muḥammad. Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. Tehran: Mūʾassisah-yi Muṭāliʿāt  va Taḥqīqāt Farhangī Anjuman Ḥikmat va Falsafah-yi Irān, 1985/1363.

Mulāṣadrā Shīrāzī, Muḥammad. Taʿlīqah bar Shifāʾ. Tehran: Bunyād Hikmat Islāmī Ṣadrā, 2004/1382.

Muṣliḥ, Javād. Tarjumah va Tafsīr  al-Shawāhid al-Rubūbīya. Chāp-i   Shishum, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Surūsh, 2012/1391.

Qurbānī, Qudrat Allāh. “Abʿād Ibtikārī Muthil az Manẓar Mulāṣadrā”.  Āmūzih-hā-yi Falsafah Islāmī, Razavi University of Sciences, no. 15, (autumn and winter 2014/1393): 119-142.

Russell, Bertrand.  Tārīkh Falsafah. Kitāb Sivum, Translated by Najaf Daryā Bandarī, s.l. Nashr Ilktrūnīkī, 2010/1388

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Uṣūl Falsafah va Ravish-i Riʾālīsm. vol. 2,  Bā Muqaddamah-yi Murtażā Muṭaharī. Chāp-i  Hijdahum, Tehran: Ṣadrā, 1969/1389.

ʻUbūdīyat, ʻAbd al-Rasūl. Dar Āmadī bi Niẓām Ḥikmat Ṣadrāʾī. vol. 2, Chāp-i   Shishum, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Samt, 2014/1393.

ʻUbūdīyat, ʻAbd al-Rasūl. Khuṭūṭ Kulī Ḥikmat Mutaʿāliyah. Chāp-i   Sivum, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Samt, 2013/1392.

Umīd, Masʿūd. “Masʾalah-yi Kulīyāt az Dīdgāh Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallihīn Shīrāzī va Mulāḥiẓāt Intiqādī dar Bāb ān”. Majallih Dānishkadih-yi Adabīyāt va ʻUlūm Insānī, University of Tabriz, no. 191, Summer 2005/1383, 91-109.