The relationship between reason and religion constitutes one of the most central issues in the philosophy of religion within the Islamic intellectual tradition, whose significance extends beyond its historical context into contemporary debates. This article aims to provide a philosophical analysis and to assess the epistemic coherence of Mullā Ṣadrā’s view by examining the manner in which the relationship between philosophical reason and divine revelation is articulated in al-Ḥikma al-mutaʿāliyah. The main research question concerns how the harmony between philosophical reason and religious revelation is explained in Transcendent Philosophy, and what theoretical challenges this explanation encounters.

The study adopts an analytical-critical method based on a conceptual reading of Mullā Ṣadrā’s works. The findings indicate that Mullā Ṣadrā presents two distinct approaches to articulating this relationship: first, a unitive-horizontal approach that emphasizes the alignment and co-directionality of reason and religion; and second, a priority-longitudinal approach in which revelation is regarded as the ultimate horizon of truth and the final criterion of validity. The analysis demonstrates that the prevailing interpretation grounded solely in the hierarchical structure of cognition is insufficient to fully account for the relationship between reason and religion. Nevertheless, by drawing a careful distinction between the metaphysical level of judgment concerning the hierarchy of truth and the methodological level of rational activity, it is possible to defend the philosophical coherence of Transcendent Philosophy in its account of the relationship between reason and religion.